ASTERIDS CAMPANULIDS ASTERALES. ASTERACEAE
I-ASTERACEAE.
Inflorescencia (Capítulo): Las flores se agrupan en una cabeza compacta rodeada de brácteas (involucro). Esta estructura funciona como una unidad para atraer polinizadores.Tipos de Flores: Pueden tener flores tubulosas (en el centro, forma de tubo) y flores liguladas (en el borde, forma de lengüeta o pétalo).Fruto: Es un aquenio o cipsela, frecuentemente seco, de una sola semilla, a menudo equipado con un pappus (pelos o escamas) para la dispersión por el viento.Hojas y Tallos: Hojas generalmente alternas y simples, sin estípulas. Muchas especies presentan látex o sistemas de canales resinosos.
Morphology of Cypselas. 1,2-Achillea nana, 1-Cypsela after clearing, 2-Carpopodial cells. 3-5-Anthemis austriaca, 3-Cypsela after clearing, 4-Cypsela showing ridges and furrows, 5-Carpopodial cells. 6,7-Anthemis ruthenica, 6-Ray cypsela after clearing, 7-Disc cypsela. 8,9-Anthemis tinctoria, 8-Cypsela after clearing, 9-Border cells of cypsela. 10,11-Leucanthemum vulgare, 10-Cypsela after clearing, 11-Carpopodial cells. 12-14-Matricaria maritima, 12-Cypsela in dry condition, 13-Cypsela after clearing, 14-Carpopodial cells. 15-17-Tanacetum vulgare, 15-Cypsela after clearing, 16-Apical border part of cypsela, 17-Carpopodial cells.
Ribs and carinae (shape and number; e.g. Fig. 15- 26 and Fig. 13); riblike forms (low and nu.rrow bars of variable number - Fig. 6 - 9; wide and fiat bars in relatively constant num- ber -- Fig. 1- 4); colouring of the achenes (the same in all parts of achene, Figs 1- 9, 17, 18, 25; different on ribs and borders, Fig. 15, 16, 19-24); general shape of the achene; border (absent - Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 21; partly present - Fig. 3, 10, 22; along the whole circum- fereuce of the achene - Fig. 6- 9, 13, 14, 17-20, 23, 24, 26); size of achenes; tip of the achene (flatly obtuse, Fig. 1, 6, 7; obliquely obtuse, Fig. 4, 11, 12); coronet, Fig. 5, 21 (shape, colour); structure of the pericarp surface (macrostructure, Fig. 13, 14, microstructure). The terms used in the key are taken over from DosTA.r, (1948- 1950), such as rib, carina, bar, border, but in some cases I was compelled to introduce new designations as no satisfactory terms could be found in publications of a similar nature. Thus the word coronet is used for the residual nectary at the style base, or only for the residual style growing from the centre of the apical plate of tho achene (Fig. 3- 5, 21). When viewing the achene from the side, the coronet is usually covered with the border (e.g. }_,ig. 23, 24). CvEJ,EV (1961) does not distinguish between the indi- vidual parts at the achene apex (i.e. border and coronet) and uses a summary term coronet for both. The term pedunc1e is used for the conical structure at the base ofthe achenes in Anthemis arvensis (Fig. 1, 2), A. ru,thenica (Fig. 3, 4), A. cotula (Fig. 5) by means of which the achene isattached to the torus. The structure is characteristic for the above species by its shape. Cross rugosi ty of the surface refers to the structures difficult to define morphologically located at the achenes of Tripleurospermum maritimum (Fig. 13, 14) which is always oriented crosswise, is of different size and corrugated. The surface of the individual wrinkles is finely crenulated. In fully mature achenes the corrugation is very dark-brown or blacTRIBUS
- II-HELIANTHEAE-Astereae: Incluye géneros como Aster y Solidago, caracterizados por sus flores liguladas periféricas y tubulares centrales.Aster, Erigeron, Solidago (vara de oro), Bellis (margarita común), Olearia, Baccharis y Felicia.Zinnia, Rudbeckia INCLUYE COREPSIDAE. COMO DAHLIA,BIDENS Y COSMS
- 1-BACHARIS DIOCA
2-ZINNIA PERUVIANA
3-ERIGERON- A-ERIGERON CUNEIFOLIUS
B-ERIGERON CANADENSIS
- III-Heliantheae: Grupo grande que incluye al girasol (Helianthus), comúnmente con brácteas involucrales herbáceas.Helianthus (Girasoles): .Dahlia: Zinnia: Tagetes: Ambrosia:Bidens:Verbesina: .CosmosTithonia: Parthenium,BORRICHIA,CLIBADIUM,ECLIPTA,SALMEA,SCLEROCARPUS,SYNEDRELLA,SCLEROCARPUS,SPILANTHES,SYNEDRELLA,WEDELIA,XANTHIUM
- 1-DAHALIA PINNATA
- 5-AMBROSIA
- A-AMBROSIA HISPIDA5-BIDENSA-BIDENS ALBA ACHENE 2 BRISTLEB-BIDENS PILOSA ACHENE 3 BRISTLEC-BIDENS CYNAPIIFOLIA. REPTANTANTE HOJA PINADA5-VERBESINA ALATA
TALLOS ALADOS7-COSMOS. COREOPSIDAE TRIBEA-COSMOS CAUDATUSB-COSMOS SULPHUREUS8-TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA9-SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA
- 11-SCLEROCARPUS AFRICANUS
12-XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM
13-TRIDAX PROCUMBENS
15- MELAMPODIUM DIVARICATUM- 16-ELEUTHERANTHERA RUDERALE
- IV-Senecioneae: Una de las tribus más grandes, destacando el género Senecio.Gynoxis,Emilia,Ereccthites,CrassopetalumT
- 1-EMILIA
- A-EMILIA COCCINEA\\
- B-EMILIA SONCHIFOLIA
- C-EMILIA FOSBERGII
- VII-Cichorieae (o Lactuceae): Incluye lechugas y diente de león (Taraxacum), caracterizadas por tener solo flores liguladas y látex.TaraxacumHieracium,Lactuca.Sonchus.Cichorium.Hypochaeris Crepis.Scorzonera.Tragopogon
- 1-LACTUCA SATIVA
- 2-SONCHUS OLERACEUS.
- VIII-Anthemideae: Incluye manzanilla y crisantemos.Achillea (milenrama)Anthemis (manzanilla silvestre)Artemisia (ajenjo, estragón)Chrysanthemum (crisantemos)Matricaria,Tanacetum (tanaceto) NO ESTA1N PRESENTES EN I VIRGENES,POSIBLEMETES CHRYSANTHEMUM
- IX-Calenduleae: Incluye la caléndula.



























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